Weed Control (NQF 4)

SECTION 1: LEARNER NOTES

1. 1. General information
   2. Topic descriptions
      1. 1. Introduction to weed control
         2. Legislation
         3. The biology of weeds
         4. Herbicides
         5. General weed control information
         6. Control of woody plants
         7. Management of aquatic weeds
         8. Weed management in turfgrass
         9. Equipment and calibration
         10. Safety and environmental aspects
         11. Weed photo gallery

SECTION 2: LEARNING MAP

1. 1. Introduction
   2. The RSA classification code
      1. 1. Pesticide labels
   3. Pesticide Classification, Properties and Products
      1. 1. Classification according to Target Pest
         2. Classification, Properties and Products
   4. INTRODUCTION TO WEED CONTROL
      1. 1. General
         2. Weeds and invader plants
         3. Definition of a weed
         4. The difference between alien invasive plants and environmental weeds
         5. What Does Weed Control entail?
         6. The place of weeds and problem plants in nature

SECTION 3: LEGISLATION

1. 1. Relevant Legislation
      1. 1. The Fertilisers, Farm feeds, Agricultural Remedies and Stock remedies ACT, 1947 (ACT No. 36 of 1947)
         2. Legislation on Declared Weeds and Invaders
         3. The Conservation of Agricultural Resources ACT, 1983 (ACT No. 43 of 1983) (CARA)
         4. The National Water ACT, 1998 (ACT No.36 of 1998) (NWA)
         5. The Environmental Conservation ACT, 1989 (ACT 73 of 1989) (ECA)

SECTION 4: INTRODUCTION TO THE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY ACT NO. 85 OF 1993

1. 1. Introduction
   2. Exploring key concepts
   3. Regulatory and enforcement policies
   4. Understanding the responsibilities of all involved
      1. 1. The Business Owner or Chief Executive Officer as the Employer
         2. Line Management (Supervisors) as representatives of the Employer
         3. Duties or responsibilities of employees
         4. Work Safely
         5. General Chemical Safety Guidelines
         6. Flammables
         7. Spill Response
         8. Safe storage practices
         9. Hazardous waste – Think Twice Before You Dump It
         10. Mind your back
   5. Conclusion

SECTION 5: THE BIOLOGY OF WEEDS

List of pests on stored commodities

1. 1. Classification of Weeds
      1. 1. Weed Categories
         2. Distribution of weeds
   2. Invasive Status
      1. 1. Environmental weeds
         2. List of Prohibited and Regulated Plants per Category
         3. Guide to the Identification of the Species

SECTION 6: HERBICIDES

1. 1. Introduction
   2. Classification of Herbicides
      1. 1. Non-selective versus selective
         2. Mobility within the plant: Systemic herbicides
         3. Time of application
         4. Long versus short residual
         5. Mode of Action
         6. Herbicide Combinations
         7. Formulations
   3. Herbicides used in industrial Weed Control
      1. 1. Organic-arsenic Compounds
         2. Phenoxy Compounds
         3. Phosphonic Acids
         4. Pyridene Carbolic Acid Compounds
         5. Pyriloxy Compounds
         6. Triazines
         7. Uracils
         8. Urea Compounds
   4. Herbicide Resistance
      1. 1. What is Herbicide Resistance?
         2. Selection pressure
         3. Resistance mechanisms
         4. Factors influencing the development of resistance
         5. Herbicide rate and the development of resistance: does rate really matter?

SECTION 7: GENERAL WEED CONTROL INFORMATION

1. 1. Introduction
      1. 1. What is Control?
   2. Problem plants
      1. 1. Bush encroachers
         2. Pioneer plants
         3. Invasive alien plants
         4. Declared Invader plants
         5. Problems caused by invasive alien terrestrial plants
         6. Problems caused by invasive alien aquatic weeds
   3. What you need to know about weed control
      1. 1. Control of Weeds and invasive plants
         2. Who will administrate this legislation, and how will it be enforced?
         3. Why control weeds?
         4. Weed control methods
         5. The biological basis of weed control
         6. Selectivity of Herbicides
   4. Methods of Control
      1. 1. Mechanical control
         2. Chemical control
         3. Biological weed control
         4. Soil-applied Herbicides
         5. Foliar-applied Herbicides

SECTION 8: CONTROL OF WOODY PLANTS

1. 1. Mechanical Control
      1. 1. Situations
         2. Techniques used in mechanical control
         3. Advantages of mechanical control
         4. Disadvantages of mechanical control
   2. Cultural Control
      1. 1. Situations
   3. Chemical Control
      1. 1. Situations
         2. Advantages of chemical control
         3. Disadvantages of chemical control
   4. Biological Control
      1. 1. How biological control works
         2. Situations
         3. Advantages of biological control
         4. Disadvantages of biological control
   5. Integrated Control
      1. 1. Impacts
         2. Scope
   6. Utilisation
      1. 1. Scope
         2. Advantages of utilisation
         3. Disadvantages of utilisation
   7. Use of Fire
      1. 1. Introduction
         2. Foliar Application
         3. Stem and Stump Application
         4. Soil-applied Herbicides

SECTION 9: MANAGEMENT OF AQUATIC WEEDS

1. 1. Introduction
   2. Negative impacts
      1. 1. Mechanical control
         2. Chemical control
         3. Biological Control
         4. Introduction
         5. Economic, ecological and social impacts
         6. Approaches to management
         7. Physical and mechanical control
         8. Chemical control
         9. Biological control
         10. Challenges to effective control of water hyacinth in South Africa
         11. Potential for successful control through an IPM approach
   3. Control of Water Lettuce in South Africa
      1. 1. Introduction
         2. Description
         3. Distribution
         4. Origin of water lettuce
         5. Biology
         6. Reproduction
         7. Control of water lettuce
   4. Control of Kariba weed (Salvinia molesta)
      1. 1. Description of Kariba weed
         2. Key points
         3. How it spreads
         4. Where it grows
         5. Controlling salvinia
         6. Herbicide application
         7. Other management strategies
   5. Control of Parrot feather (Myriophyllum aquaticum)
      1. 1. Description and Variation
         2. Economic Importance
         3. Habitat
         4. History
         5. Growth and Development
         6. Reproduction
         7. Response to Herbicides
         8. Response to Mechanical Methodss
         9. Biocontrol Potentials
   6. Control of Red water fern – Azolla filiculoides Lam.
      1. 1. Introduction
         2. Biology
         3. Negative impacts
         4. Control Methods

SECTION 10: WEED MANAGEMENT IN TURFGRASS

1. 1. Introduction
   2. Weed Identification
   3. Weed invasion
   4. Weed Management before Planting
      1. 1. Prepare Your Site
         2. Select an appropriate turfgrass species
   5. Weed Management in newly planted lawns
   6. Weed management in established Lawns
      1. 1. Cultural/mechanical Practices
         2. Chemical Weed Control
   7. Renovating Lawns

SECTION 11: EQUIPMENT AND CALIBRATION

1. 1. General
      1. 1. Important Factors
         2. Principles of Calibration
         3. Equipment and Calibration for industrial weed control

SECTION 12: SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS

1. 1. Introduction
      1. 1. Environmental Safety
         2. Environmental Impact

SECTION 13: WEEDS PHOTO GALLERY: INDEX

SECTION 14: SAFE HANDLING PROCEDURES AND PRACTICES

1. 1. SAFETY IN RELATION TO PEST CONTROL ACTIVITIES
      1. 1. Safe Handling of Pesticides
         2. Toxicity of Pesticides
   2. Handling pesticides
      1. 1. Signals, warnings and safe handling directions
   3. Dangers involved in the misuse of pesticides
      1. 1. Dangers involved in the misuse of pesticides
         2. Poisoning hazard
   4. PERSONAL protective equipment and clothing
      1. 1. Protective equipment
         2. Personal protective clothing (SABS 072: 1993)
         3. Keys and tips to safe handling
   5. HANDLING OF SPILLAGES
      1. 1. What to do When a Spill Occurs?
         2. Clean-up Procedures
         3. Decontamination Procedure
         4. Disposal
         5. Personal Hygiene
   6. TRIPLE RINSING
      1. 1. Why triple rinse?
         2. How to “triple rinse” empty containers
   7. PESTICIDE POISONING FIRST-AID PROCEDURES
      1. 1. In the event of accidental poisoning
         2. General principles of first aid
         3. Step-by-step CPR instructions 213
         4. Be prepared – take precautions
   8. Pollution and the Environmental Impact
      1. 1. Pollution
         2. The Environment
   9. Introduction to Pesticide Storage
      1. 1. Important Safety Factors
         2. Household Items
         3. Security Measures
         4. The pesticide Storing facility